Personal Response on Sexuality Identity - 1418 Words

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Lillian M. Floyd PSY/265 Lauren Lappe February 16.2014 A person’s sexual identity may seem like something obvious, something that should be an essential characteristic of our lives. However as we have found, these things are not always so simple, often finding that our sexual identity, is ever changing most of our lives. I have given my own identity some thought and I find for me it wasn’t easy. In this essay I will be discussing my own identity and my reasons for coming to the conclusions that I have come to, and why I came to them (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005) Sexuality is and will always be a natural and healthy part of living. All of†¦show more content†¦Some researchers state that genetics and environmental factors are important determining element of homosexual behavior. They also state that birth place relates to the sexual orientation of marriage partner. Being born in urban settings increased the probability of homosexual marriage and decreased the probability of heterosexual marriage. Everyone environment effects your sexuality in some way or another either negative or positively by supporting or repressing it. It plays a role in whether your homosexual, heterosexual, or bi-sexual. (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005) Our text states that history places sexual attitudes and behavior in context. It informs us as to whether sexual behavior reflects trends that have been with us through the millennia or the customs of a particular culture and era. History shows little evidence of universal sexual trends. Attitudes and be haviors vary extensively from one time and place to another. (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005) As stated in our text, gender identity is our psychological awareness or sense of being male or female, and it’s one of the most obvious and important aspects of our self-concepts. Gender identity is almost always consistent with chromosomal sex, but suchShow MoreRelatedPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity University of Phoenix Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Our sexual identity starts at birth and evolves as we continue to age. Several factors can influence an individual’s sexual identity. Like several things in one’s life, sexual identity develops as we go through different stages of life. The things that could influence the development of our sexual identity are environmental factors, value systems, gender identity, relationships, andRead MoreEssay on Personal Response on Sexuality Identity1766 Words   |  8 PagesFinal Project: Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Adriele Ajavon Psychology of Human Sexuality/ PSY 265 10/24/2010 Dean Marzofka Sex is a significant act of life. The deed is commonly initiated by arousal and results in conception or sheer satisfaction. A great deal of thought rarely goes into the execution of the actual performance, as sexual urges are instinctive. The true brainpower lies within the thought processes associated with sex. Love, commitment, and friendship are three aspectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Gay Male Body Image1209 Words   |  5 Pageshuman sexuality: sources, satisfaction, and perceived knowledge among college students. Sex Education, 11(4), 471-487. The article states that college student receive limited education about sex. Rutledge, Siebert, Chonody, and Killian conducted a research at a major university to examine: how college students learned about sex, satisfaction with the way they learned about sex, and self-perceived levels of knowledge about sexuality before and after completing a course on human sexuality. As resultsRead MoreSexual education programmes within school based learning have long been cause for controversy,1600 Words   |  7 Pagesreference to which approach should be taken, what topics should be raised and at what age children should be begin to learn about sexual development and sexuality. Previously, sex education has focused on the biological development of humans however in recent years programs have shifted towards integration of sexuality and sexual health promotion in response to sexual development within children and the changing values of society. Sex education curriculum has often been the subje ct of debate as curriculumRead MoreSexual Orientation Identity And Its Influence On Student Development1376 Words   |  6 Pagesremain aware of how students and their identities are evolving. Higher education is constantly evolving, which is why it is extremely important to take sexual orientation identity and its influence on student development into account. In this paper, I will explore Fassinger’s (1998) sexual orientation identity model and provide an analysis of the theory. I will also share my findings from three interviews with students who are in different stages of sexual identity formation. Finally, I will addressRead MorePsy Final1689 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Project Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Review the instructions for the final project in Appendix A. Construct a 1,400- to 1,750-word personal response, analyzing the development of your own sexuality. Address the following topics in your paper: †¢ Relate value systems and critical thinking to your sexual decision making before and after this course. I think that before I had started this class I really didn’t think of the different types of sexual identities and honestly didn’tRead MoreMen Who Have Sex With Men Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pages MSM Men Who Have Sex With Men A Critical Concept Essay Tara L. Gill CIIS Sexuality is historically rooted vacillating through out time, adjusting to the individuals personal experience and is influenced by cultural norms. In the United States, sexual behavior and attitudes are driven by variations in gender, social class, ethnicity, and religion. In fact, sexuality is fluid and is different for everyone. It is a unique, diverse, complicated, secretive, and puzzling experienceRead MoreDiversity in Sexual Orientation1149 Words   |  5 Pages Sometimes I think -- How is sexual identity developed? What influences who we become sexually? Why is there such diversity in sexual orientation? To be quite frank, there are no correct or incorrect answers to these questions. The idea of sexual orientation and behavior is a very complex one. What was true in the past is certainly different than the norm today. When I researched the various psychological theories and methodologies of measuring one’s sexuality, naturally I came across the work ofRead MoreBiologi cal Differences Between Males And Females1176 Words   |  5 Pages(Auleb 1). One biological difference between males and females is in external genitalia: males have penises whereas females have vaginas. Sexuality refers to one s sexual orientation, sexual behaviors, and capacity for sexual feelings (YourDictionary.com). Someone who is not sexually attracted to anyone may identify themselves as asexual. And sexual identity is one s conception of themselves in terms of to whom they are sexually and romantically attracted, if they experience sexual or romanticRead MoreSex Minority And Sexual Minority Orientation1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Williams, Connolly, Pepler, and Craig (2005) study focuses on issues they feel are specific to sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) adolescents and those that are questioning their sexuality. Williams et al. questions the way sexual orientation, victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and social support are intertwined in relation to se xual minority youth. They hypothesized that the absence of social support, from both family and friends, along with the experiences relating to being

The Social Work Field, Emotional Intelligence - 1503 Words

Introduction Often in the social work field, a clinical will hear the term emotional intelligence and the five domains associated with it, which are relationships, tolerance, flexibility, self-management, and emotional awareness. There are many different definitions of emotional intelligence, but it has been described as the ability to motivate oneself and continue in the face of frustrations; to manage impulse and delay gratification; to regulate ones moods and keep distress from overtaking the ability to think; to empathize and to hope (Morrison, 2007). Regarding the social work field, emotional intelligence is something that all clinicians need to be aware of and how it applies. A clinician needs to be able to listen and build empathy when working with others, understand non-verbal communication and its effects, and have self-awareness of how working with others can affect the clinician emotionally (Morrison, 2007). It is crucial to be able to monitor your own feelings and emotions as well as being able to monitor your client’s feelings and emotions. Literature Review Morrison’s Article Morrison’s article on emotional intelligence (EI) provided insight into the importance of emotional intelligence in the social work field. The article also provided the role of EI and its relations in the five core tasks of a social worker. Social intelligence was also discussed in the article, which is â€Å"the idea of acting wisely in human relations† (Morrison, 2007). EI has been used toShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence On The Workplace1528 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional Intelligence in the Workplace When most people think of emotional intelligence (EI), they are unsure about what exactly that phrase means. Is it someone who is very emotional? Someone who is very smart? What is it and why is it important in the workplace? Emotional intelligence is a phrase that encompasses many different traits that a person could have as far as maintaining control in the workplace and also how to read people and different things they may be feeling. Emotional intelligenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Relational Situations Involving Clients Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesIn relational situations involving clients, it is essential that emotional intelligence is established. The ability to read clients helps advisors connect with their clients. Most jobs rely on client relationships as the platform for their business. Jobs like social work, nurses, doctors, financial advisors, construction workers, and education all rely on their emotional intelligence to build strong relationships with their clients to succeed in their workplace. Take financial advisors for exampleRead MoreEmotional Inelligence Essay examples1669 Words   |  7 Pagesyears emotional intelligence has become one of the hottest topics between organizations. Researches have been working on this topic for time to time, to demonstrate or refute the importance of feelings. In the beginning common thoughts from managers and or supervisors were; emotions are in the way; emotions try to keep us from making good decisions; emotions increase a lack on focusing. Fortunately, an indeed research takes emotional intelligence to an ultimate ideal in which intelligence is basedRead MoreComparing The Eq I And The Strong Interest Inventory Assessments1733 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The research paper’s purpose is to compare and contrast The EQ-i and the Strong Interest Inventory assessments. EQ-i stands for emotional quotient inventory. The EQ-i was developed to assess emotion and social intelligence of people. Taking the EQ-i assessment helps many people determine what their strengths when dealing with things pertaining to stress, work ethic, and emotions that will affect the way they act and their success in the working world. The Strong Interest Inventory is used inRead MoreThe Importance of Emotional Intelligence at Homeland Security636 Words   |  3 Pagesimportant emotional intelligence is for personal and professional success and how emotional intelligence can be an asset to Homeland Security as a whole. While I currently realize the obvious value in emotional intelligence, Id like to determine how important it is overall: for example, even though the benefits that emotional intelligence can provide interpersonally are clear to me, I dont fully realize if its such a professional asset. For instance, a part of me wonders if hard work and ingenuityRead More88899891530 Words   |  7 PagesAspects of psychology Emotional Intelligence February 07, 2013 Emotional Intelligence By: Jasmine N. Gresham (SSCI206-1205D-01) DiMatteo * Do you think that positive psychology is in more demand now that stress and economic hardship is more prominent in our country? * Are people under more stress now than in the past? * A description of the field of positive psychology Read MoreEmotional Intelligence And Human Resource Management1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past years, many people have written about emotional intelligence role in the workplace. Experts belong to emotional intelligence (EI) field provides many models and definitions to understand the concept and meaning of emotional intelligence and its effects on individual’s (Employees, managers, supervisors) performance. As the world is becoming organizational world and as the time passes change is occurring in almost every field. Thus Organizations (public and private sector) have to manageRead MoreThe Key Components Of Emotional Intelligence1609 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Leadership in Nursing To better understand the applications of emotional intelligence in nursing and leadership, it is important to identify the key components of emotional intelligence (EI). By examining Daniel Goleman’s book Working with Emotional Intelligence, this paper will examine EI’s function in nursing as it applies to various roles in leadership. Lastly, it will discuss ways in which EI can be used for personal and professional development. History of EmotionalRead MoreAn Effective Tool For Social Interaction And Individual Social Development1511 Words   |  7 Pagesexcellent tool for social interaction and individual social development. In my opinion, Albrecht has very successfully identified the key elements that ultimately determine how a person is perceived by others in any social, professional or personal situation in which we interact with other people. When I reflect on past interactions with people who left lasting and positive impressions on me, I realize they all presented themselves in ways that clearly reflect developed S.P.A.C.E. social skills. PeopleRead MoreAssignment : Situational Awareness ( S )1664 Words   |  7 PagesS.P.A.C.E. begins with situational awareness (S). This is the ability to recognize and interpret what is happening, how people are behaving, the intent of the group and the emotional atmosphere in any social situation. The second is Presence (P). This refers to how a person is perceived as they enter a social situation. More specifically, how they appear, how they speak, how they interact and even move through a room. The third is Authenticity (A). The signals of intention picked up by others

Analytical Medea Free Essays

As a mother, Made suffer d an ultimatum; she could leave her children behind and subject them to abuse fro m the enemies of her past, or she could relieve them of future agony by murdering t hem. Parents have a natural instinct to give children their best chance. Made chose e to murder her children in order to liberate them from pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical Medea or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Greece, men preferred this patriarchal ideal Of a silent and obedient wife, w ho stayed within the confines of the home. Great scholars such as Aristotle believe deed that â€Å"the male rules and the female is ruled†; his ideas spurred the general social p reactive in Greece. There was also a famous, old saying in Greece, where a man thanked God that he was not uncivilized, a slave or a woman. In Athens, men preferred their woo men to stay home because colonization with other men lead to the possibility infidelity y and this would affect the paternity of the child. According to Athenian law, if paternity could not be determined, then the child could not be a citizen. In this sense, Corinth WA s identical to Athens. If these harsh restrictions are placed on a Grecian woman, imagine the restrictions on a foreign woman, who would most likely be even more confine d and isolated. 2 Euripides depicts Made as noble, strong and classification, much stronger than her male counterparts. Made mourns Season’s betrayal but at the end Of her soliloquy, she is proud to be a woman because men underestimate her, which h allows her to deceive them. Made is also very clever; she exploits her enemy’s weak news. Manipulation, cleverness and independence are typical masculine qualities the at Made possessed. Through the interactive oral, was able to better understand that Media’s revenge was catcalled by restrictions such as status, stereotypes and the misinterpretation of women in the ancient Greece. They combined to make a woman’s life difficult at that time in history. Word count: 387 3 â€Å"Fifth elements in a person as well as in a society or a state are balanced an d strong, one finds harmony and health, beauty and grace,† says Aching Cocker. This is contrary to the play, by Euripides, where the audience follows the protagonist, Made, as she challenges her role in a contemporary, patriarchal Greek society. Media’s masculine characteristics outweigh her feminine traits, this I imbalance in her personality is caused by the lesser status she gains as a foreign women In an ancient Greek society. In relation to ordinary women and her male counterpane arts, Jason and King Croon, Made does not follow the path of all the other women in Co ring. This personality imbalance affects King Croon and Jason, who stray from the stand masculine characteristics. The author challenges these stereotypes, but in disc playing the consequences of defying one’s stereotype, he reinforces them. The journal article â€Å"Diary of a Greek Housewife,† explores a regular day in a Grecian woman’s life. When opening a discussion, the husband â€Å"tells [his wife] she should not bother about the affairs of men† (Diary) and she â€Å"pretends to agree † because â€Å"she is too hungry to argue† (Diary). The â€Å"filibustered[news]† (Euripides 807) and â€Å"statehood† housewife stands for the feminine stereotypes that Made call e ones. While the housewife devotes her day to rearranging hair and freshening perfume Made dedicates her last day in Corinth to seek vengeance against the Corinth Han royals and Jason. By challenging her stereotype, Made takes the first step to wards her masculine self and tips the scales creating a personality imbalance which is the e result of a societal imbalance. Furthermore, in the poem, ‘Women† by Simonizes of A Argos, 4 the author interprets women according to different beasts, to explain a womb Nan’s nature. Within the stereotype that women inferiority, there are superstores to expo lain different kinds of women. Simonizes uses each beast to explain a type of woo man. When applying this logic to Made, her cleverness pertains to the fox that Se monodies describes because she exploits the Corinthian King’s weakness, his daughter, I n order to take her revenge. In this sense, Made is the opposite of a weasel, she uses alluring quality to manipulate those around her. In addition, Media’s masculine e side is seen battling her feminine side when she tries to convince herself to commit I infanticide. She says to herself, Oh, arm yourself in steel, my heart! Do not hang back do not think of them, How sweet they are, and how you are their mother. Just for This one short day be forgetful of your children, Afterward weep; (Euripides 12421248) This illustrates a shift where the personality imbalance is prominent. Media’s need for vengeance outweighs her motherly instincts indicating that her masculinity ova retakes her femininity; at the cost of her children, who are the symbol of her mother odd and femininity. These two sides of Media’s personality are like the sea who is twofer aced in Simonizes’ poem. Made is schemes against her husband and the royal family y, this makes her a mix of ape and bee according to Simonizes because she was be like while aboard the Argon, when she aided Jason on many occasions. Still, she be comes more similar to an ape due to the horrors that Jason experiences while being the object 5 of Media’s rage. Euripides’ work disagrees with Simonizes’ work because E riptides’ Made is a combination of some qualities that Simonizes describes rather the n just one. By comparing regular women to Made, one can see that by challenging her stereotype, Made sacrifices her children for vengeance. Euripides also uses Jason to highlight Media’s masculine character. Made takes control of her predicament. In comparison to men, women are not expel acted to retaliate against anyone. This is more often left to the men instead of women. Although Made cannot be a man, she discerns her ability to take revenge like a man w loud in her position. Made defies the feminine stereotypes Of feebleness and passive TTY by taking control of her life. Similarly, to engage in combat is deemed a man’s task k while the woman is expected to stay within the seclusion of the home. Made defied s this basic Greek norm when she says that she â€Å"would very much rather stand/ Three times in the front of battle than bear one child† (Euripides 250251 Moreover, manipulation n is the key to Media’s revenge; she uses a blend of masculine and feminine qualities to exploit Jason. She cleverly, appeals to his arrogance in order to distract him while she takes her revenge. In their previous argument, Jason claims that his second wedding g Sis 48) and ‘Waives† (Euripides 549) move that he made in the in tersest of Made and their children. He also says that, â€Å"it would have been better far for men/ TO have got their children in some Other way, and women/ Not to have existed. ]† (Euripides 573575). Made appeals to Season’s reasoning and pretends to agree e with him. She says, â€Å"Why am I set against those who have planned wisely? ‘(Euripides sees 874). She admits to having a â€Å"great lack of sense† and that her â€Å"anger was foolish†. 6 most effective lie, â€Å"we women are what we are-?perhaps a little/ Worthless† (Euripides 89890) compromises Season’s opinion because she gives the impression that J assn was right and she was not. This works to her advantage since Jason believes t hat the balance between husband and wife has been restored and he Jason suspects nothing of her plot to ruin him. In Media’s soliloquy, she plans Season’s ultimate suffers Eng because she will not submit to the rules of a patriarchal Greek society. Let no one think me a weak one, filibustered, A statehood, but rather just the opposite, One who can hurt my enemies and help my friends; For the lives Of such persons are most remembered. Euripides 80781 0) Men are the ones who generally strive to be remembered, which is why they t aka part in battle. By displaying such a trait in a woman, Euripides emphasizes the import once of following one’s stereotype because of the consequences Made faces. Made is not the only character who defies the Greek norm; King Croon and Jason abandon their masculine qualities as well. In the plays beginning, King Croon approaches Made with an unshakeable resolve to send her into exile. Origin ally, he displays his masculinity by refusing to listen to any of Media’s protests. This q laity ritually plummets when he tells Made he is â€Å"afraid that [Made] may injury e [his] daughter’ (Euripides 283). Made appeals to the Kings love for his daughter a ND claims that she needs a day to find â€Å"support for [her] children† (Euripides 342) and as KS the king to â€Å"pity’ them. Even though Croon â€Å"prefer[s] to earn [her] hatred now/ Than to be softhearted and afterward regret it’ (Euripides 290291 ), he allows Made to re main in 7 Corinth for a day since he believes that she â€Å"can do none of the things [he] fee arts]† (Euripides 356). The Corinthian king enters Media’s household as a man With a full aquiline character but leaves as a lesser man because Made manipulates him. Jason in hopes of advancing his station through marriage, provokes Media’s a anger and fuels her revenge. To the audience, he presents himself as aloof especially w hen he tells Made, â€Å"in so far as you helped me, you did well enough. / But on this question of saving me, I can prove/ You have certainly got from me more than you gave† (Euripides 533535). He tries to defend his actions; â€Å"confident in his tongue’s power to ad Ron evil† (Euripides 582), Jason uses irrelevant reasons such as living amongst the civilize deed, allowing Made fame and honor, in order to justify the kingdom and family s he gave up for him. Season’s selfishness and whiny justifications of his actions, make him a weak and apathetic character. This figure is inconsistent to the previous image of a hero, illustrating that by straying from his stereotype and Jason pays the price, with a Grecian man’s most precious treasure: his sons. Euripides affirms that an imbalance o masculinity and femininity within a person, reflects on their society, denying it s proper function. Is a powerful text, full of characters that defy their stereotype in society. Euripides uses the characters of as tools to reinforce stereotypes. The author applies masculinity to Made, this is seen in contrast to † Diary Of A creek Housewife† and â€Å"Women† by Simonizes, where Made abandons her feminine e side unlike the housewife and proves Simonizes wrong since she is a blend of dif e rent women rather than only one type. Because of Media’s personality imbalance, 8 affects the behavior of Jason and King Croon, who become ruled by her insist dead of vice versa. Euripides gives Made a masculine side in order to prove his idea t hat challenging one’s stereotype leads to dire consequences. How to cite Analytical Medea, Papers

Both the Phantom Coach and the Red Room are Victorian ghost stories Essay Example For Students

Both the Phantom Coach and the Red Room are Victorian ghost stories Essay During the Victorian era, there was much scientific discovery and scientific explanations more importantly. People felt that everything had a scientific explanation. The idea of something that could not be explained with good logic or understanding came across as frightening which is a key motive for horror; the unexplainable. Because a great amount of the worlds land mass (1/3) was ruled by the British Empire, people were thirsty to conquer more and more. I would imagine the idea of something that is unexplainable and unstoppable would appear unconquerable to the Empire. It is this idea that makes them feel vulnerable and thus scared. Both the ghost stories The Phantom Coach, by Amelia B. Edwards in 1852 and The Red Room by H.G wells in 1896 are both Gothic ghost stories written in the Victorian era of 1832-190 yet they both portray their explanation of the supernatural in different ways. The Phantom Coach uses the living dead as a frightening theme and the use of peoples nightmares. The contrasting theme in the The Red Room is the imagination and the power of the mind to scare the reader. In The Red Room the authors finish with their own explanation of fear being the culprit and supernatural being a figment of the readers imagination. A reason for Amelia B. Edwards believing in superstition and H.G Wells being skeptic towards superstitions the time difference of 54 years (more than half a century). This shows that with time, people look for the more scientific explanation rather than the supernatural explanation. Amelia B. Edwards and H.G. Wells write about the supernatural. Like most Ghost stories of the 19th century, they both have common factors to link one to the other. Edwards and Wells both use an archaic speech to present certain words and numerals much different than used at present. For example, Wells uses the phrase: Eight and twenty years Instead of twenty-eight years as used in todays form of literature. This is mainly due to the period in History the two stories were written in. Upon reading this kind of language today, the readers head is flooded with connotations such as Britains dark past, mystery and savageness, thus leaving the reader in anticipation waiting for something dark and mysterious to take place. The language used is often spoken in riddle-like terms, which involve the reader as they try to find the real meaning of what the characters say. It gives the reader a bit of information of about what will happen. This is proleptic irony and encourages the reader to continue reading and they are intrigued by the possible future event that the story has to offer. It is interesting that both the Red Room and The Phantom Coach have similar weather. When the encounter with the so-called supernatural takes place there are sudden gusts of wind accompanied by the evil cloak of darkness hindering the sense of sight. The surroundings are Gothic. This spawns connotations of evil and supernatural. This type of language that uses the weather to set the scene is called pathetic fallacy. When sudden gusts of wind blow, the reader prepares themselves for a scary moment in the story. Meanwhile, the snow began to come down with ominous steadiness, and the wind fell This use of language subconsciously shocks the reader. Edwards describes the snowfall as constant. This is reassuring for the reader that all is well and most of all, safe. As the wind suddenly stops the surroundings would instantaneously be silent, as if waiting for something to happen. The reader is curious as to whether this is the encounter with the Phantom or not. Pathetic fallacy is used to hold the reader in suspense and really set the scene for future events. .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .postImageUrl , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:hover , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:visited , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:active { border:0!important; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:active , .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2c53952cde005da6642d01b637585fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison of The Treatment of Selected Scenes EssayThere are unsavory characters in the two tales along with unpleasant surroundings. In the Phantom Coach the man is lost and in fear of death if shelter is not found at haste. He eventually meets an old servant who is crude and impolite. In The Red Room he is surrounded by hostile characters, which make him feel very much uncomfortable. Shot another glance of his red eyes at me from underneath the shade; but no one answered me. The red-eyed man acknowledges his presence and yet still gives no answer to his question. This is a sign of disrespect for him. His red eyes symbolize evil. When it is described cleverly by Wells as shot another glance, the reader gets the impression of fear. Shot is a very powerful word, which usually results in the death of a character. It is almost as if he is now marked for death and prone to the horrors of the supernatural. The red-eyed man is in the shade. This shows that he is surrounded by black, which gives connotations of mystery and deception, which is scary as he will be unpredictable. Another link between the two stories is the way both Wells and Edwards make the journey tedious for the main character to find a way out (as in The Phantom Coach) or a way in (as in The Red Room). You go along the passage for a bit, said he, until you come to a door, and through that is a spiral staircase, and half-way up that is a landing and another door covered with baize. Go through that and down the long corridor to the end, and the red room is on your left up the steps. The man giving directions uses the words for a bit. This is a very vague description and the range (in terms of distance) varies considerably i.e. 10 metres or 40 meters. This could mean the difference of finding the right room or finding the wrong room, in other words; getting lost. Getting lost has a double meaning. You can get lost in the sense that an error has been made in the planned route or you can get lost in the mind. Getting disorientated, dizzy, loss of thoughts or rapid thinking can result in jumping to conclusions and creating hallucinations. The spiral staircase is cleverly used to represent the mind by its complicated shape much alike with the brain. As you continue to walk you get more scared and lost in the mind. The use of a spiral staircase is very important as it represents the spiraling thoughts of the mind and how they can lead to subconscious deception and fear. Interesting that the cause of the commotion in the red room was fear created by the mind one is get ting lost in represented by the spiral staircase. Two arrogant men are the main character in each of the stories. These men represent the British Empire. Arrogant as they march off into the unknown totally convinced of their own superiority, they are not expecting the undefeatable and the unconquerable known as the supernatural. Eight-and-twenty years I have lived, and never a ghost I have seen An excellent scare tactic used by the writers is deception. This confused the reader and makes them feel vulnerable to attack, naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and most importantly, scared. In the Phantom Coach the other three passengers on board are thought to be merely other passengers. But the reader discovers that they are the living dead His eyes glowed with a fiery unnatural luster. His face was livid as the face of a corpse. His bloodless lips were drawn back as if in the agony of death, and showed the gleaming teeth between .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .postImageUrl , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:hover , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:visited , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:active { border:0!important; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:active , .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464 .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0bcf341c89a61d0b6a7f85bd9f9e7464:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Grusha and my story EssayEdwards goes from the good fortune of finding the coach to sheer horror. This contrast creates fear and an element of shock and insecurity. The Phantom Coach was written in 1852. The Red Room was written in 1896. In only forty-four years, man has gone from seeing the living dead to a rational explanation for a similar situation. Fear. Fear can drive us to do things and scare us. It can make the mind play tricks on us and let our imaginations run wild. This is understood in the later story to prove that as the time humans spend on the Earth increases, we become wiser and less naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. Both The Red Room and The Phantom Coach use mysterious settings to make the reader feel uncomfortable and to set the scene of a Gothic horror story. Both the stories are set in an unspecified date; The Phantom Coach is set on an unnamed moor and in an unnamed house. This makes the reader more interested in the future events of the story, as he/she wants to find out the mysteries of the mysterious setting. Also by a mysterious setting the connotation of isolation invades the mind, which is exactly where the house and setting is for the story; isolated on a moor. In The Phantom Coach James Murray plays the main character, he is a young barrister who has been married for only 4 months and likes hunting grouse. This shows he is upper class as the sport is a notorious upper class pastime. The author uses James as a young man arrogant to the belief of the supernatural. The fact that this confident, upper class young man can be affected by the powers of superstition gives the reader the feeling that everyone is venerable to superstition. The dramatic contrast in the character of James Murray to the servant Jacob also emphasizes that young people are naturally skeptic towards superstition. Jacob is depicted as shambling, unceremonious and reluctant but uses his knowledge of the surrounding moors and stays out trouble because of his superstitions. Jacob is the contrary of James. The setting of the Red Room is very much a gothic genre. The room itself is an isolated part of the country; a fire is present along with candles, shadows and elderly mysterious people. The Phantom Coach was written in the early fifties-the starting point of the Victorian era for scientific discovery. This is why the readers accepted the idea of the living dead. But further on into the scientific discoverys of the era. The idea of supernatural activities was not accepted, as it was believed that science had the answer for everything.

Should we eat meat Essay Example

Should we eat meat Essay The moral argument of animal rights has been discussed for decades. There are many types of cruelty to animals, including vivisection and animal testing, eating meat, hunting and farming. Campaigners risk their lives to protect animals, but some people are totally opposed to the idea of rights for them. Although more than 25% of the British population does not think eating meat is safe or healthy, only 4. 5% actually avoid it. The arguments for vegetarianism include cruelty, health matters and taste. But there are almost as many good arguments against it for the same type of reasons. What is vegetarianism? The dictionary definition is someone who does not eat meat. However, millions of people would claim that they are vegetarians or veggies but still eat poultry, seafood and use animal based or tested products. Tere are a handful (4%) of vegetarians that do abide by all the rules. These are generally called vegans, and do not use any animals related products. This includes leather, milk and obviously meat. Avoiding meat is a lot harder than one may think. Many types of pasta, for instance, contain egg, which is from a chicken. All dairy produce derives from animal milk; meaning they cannot, or will not, eat yoghurt, cheese or butter. We will write a custom essay sample on Should we eat meat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should we eat meat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should we eat meat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But doesnt this just inconvenience themselves as well as others? Apparently not. Most people become vegetarian because they believe it is wrong to slaughter animals. The Vegetarian Society. This is a true point, most people believe it is not at all acceptable to kill an animal for food. But they believe it is right to slaughter an animal to find a cure for disease, or to kill an animal for its skin. What I am trying to say is, if you are going to not eat meat for one reason then you might as well at least think of another reason. Animals used in laboratories are worse kept than any farm animal, so why do they believe this is right? Because it is not directly affecting the people. They see meat in shops, and think of the animals being slaughtered. But when they see a cured person walk out of a hospital, or they find their headache has stopped after taking aspirin, they do not see a mouse with growths on its legs dead in a bin. I am trying to say that there is no point in just not eating meat, this is not going to help stop cruelty to animals. In fact, vegetarians alone are not doing any good at all. As Carla Lane, a writer and animal welfare campaigner, said,Its no good crying out against the [calf export] trade if you are going to have milk. She is a vegetarian. Many communities live on meat. The Massai tribe of Africa is a good example of this, as in drought seasons they thrive on every part of the cow. After milking, the cow is slaughtered, then the tribe eat the meat and use the milk and blood together as a beverage. The bones are used to build structures and houses. They seem to find nothing wrong with this; the word barbaric does not enter their minds as this is their only means of food, especially if the crops are not growing well. The cow is considered sacred in these parts of Africa, but still eaten. 2% of the British population eat meat more than five times a week, according to a 1998 poll. This means that although some people will refuse to eat meat, the traditional approach to Meat and two veg is still kept up in most households. In the same poll, 86% of people still have the custom Sunday dinner with chicken, lamb or beef. If vegetarian campaigners were to have their own way and stop the world from eating meat, not only would many people starve, but a considerable amount of workers would go out of business: Butchers shops are found on many a high street. This traditional method of buying meat is preferred by lots of people who believe that the best cuts of meat available are from an independent business. This is probably true, as many supermarkets have now branched out and include meat counters. The meat is generally mass produced from abattoirs, and each piece is not always taken so much care over to ensure the best quality. If all the butchers shops and counters were closed down, every single worker and skilled slaughterer would be out of a job. Abattoirs are huge warehouses that slaughter and treat meat before it is sent to a butcher. Even smaller abattoirs have at least 24 workers each. Farmers are the other large group of people that would lose jobs or even businesses. Many make their livings from selling eggs, milk, cheese and skins from their livestock, and selling the actual animals at markets and fairs. The stoppage of meat eating might even put some EHOs out of a job if they didnt have enough food complaints about meat and animal products. The promotion of vegetarianism in the media is more than expected after research. There are over 200 national organisations which campaign for animal rights, and numerous international groups. These are publicised by the media and supported by a number of celebrities. Celebrities with strong opinions cleverly make use of the fact that the press hang on to every word they say. Vegetarian celebrities make the most of their fame and try to convert others by preaching about their ideas. This is, in a way, negative as many meat eating parents may have children who look up to these personalities and want to be like them. Paul, Linda and Stella McCartney, Mark Owen and Tony Blackburn are all popular vegetarian icons. Their faces are plastered all over the front of every vegetarian magazine in the country. I cannot see how this helps the animals but they get paid a lot. An amusing aspect was included in resources sent to me from The Vegetarian Society, stressing the point in a child-friendly leaflet that the Teletubbies were vegetarian. It brings to mind four coloured creatures dancing and singing, Tubby-Tofu. They must have been desperate for names if they included fictional characters from an early morning infantile television show. It is basically becoming fashionable to not eat meat. There are no popstars or TV personalities that are actively working against vegetarians. Every single resource that I have been sent from vegetarian societies and organisations has been promoting vegetarianism in a good light. After numerous searches through post and internet, I have found that there is not one group actively working AGAINST vegetarianism. If there is then they have not promoted themselves very well because I havent found them. It seems that there are so many arguments against the consuming of meat that nobody has the heart to argue for it. I, Katherine E Mann, have decided to try and prove these people wrong. I have come to a conclusion that for every opinion in the world, there must be one against it, no matter how wrong or politically incorrect it may be. The arguments for vegetarianism are interesting, as many leaflets offer practical help for vegetarian dieting instead of trying to convince people how right they are. The BSE scare has put more people than ever off eating meat. It isnt just beef that some people have been avoiding, its other meats as well. They call this, A precaution. Why? I ask. There had been traces of BSE in very few lambs, but thats no reason to stop eating meat altogether. I found many quotes whilst studying this topic, both for and against vegetarianism. There were over 40% more quotes urging me to stop eating meat though. One particular point against vegetarianism that was put over was: I am at a loss to see how vegetarians would maintain their food supplies without the millions of tons of shit produced by the overwintering of beasts. Alan Owen. Mr Owen is a part time farmer, so he knows what he is talking about. It is a good point, that if we do stop breeding so many animals for meat, there will not be so much manure to nurture the crops which the vegetarians would eat. So, by not breeding the animals, we are stunting the growth of millions of plants which vegetarians would in turn want to eat. But what does a vegetarian have to offer to contradict this? We can keep the animals, but just not breed them for food. But then, surely, wouldnt the world be over populated with animals? Britain itself is very crowded, it would make it ten times worse to keep every animal we bred. We would have to find somewhere to put them all. But you find somewhere to put all the people, says the vegetarian. We dont though, not all of them. If she were to go homeless now, I suggest, wouldnt she prefer to have a house built for her by the council instead of having to live on the streets because there were animals on all the land they could possibly build on? The vegetarian goes quiet. I have found that this point wins the argument for this particular part of the discussion. Another argument is that it takes half as much land to grow crops for vegetarians than it does to keep animals. Two points contradict this: Firstly, where would all the animals be kept whilst still alive and not being bred? Secondly, once all the land was used for growing crops for vegetarians, there wouldnt be enough of it. Especially if everyone in the world stopped eating meat, there would be more than 150% of the land in use if possible. But this isnt possible. Following the discussion with The Vegetarian (she isnt meant to sound like an alien), I have decided to examine meat eaters opinions of vegetarians, and vegetarians opinions of meat eaters. Vegetarians generally dont see eye to eye with meat eaters on this topic. They do have more arguments, the word moral being frequently used. But are they necessarily right? Obviously, the meat eaters say No, and the vegetarians say, Yes. Vegetarians often see people that eat meat as people that would gladly kill an animal, have no conscience, dislike animals apart from for food, and barbaric. However, only very few meat eaters are actually like this. I have never met one. They do not generally like the idea of killing an animal, they do care about it and most usually like animals. But the vegetarians say that if they do care, why do they eat meat? Well it tastes good, humans have been eating it for millenniums, it is widely available, it is a healthy part of a staple diet But a meat eaters opinion of a vegetarian is usually one of two things. Firstly, a very thin person who does not eat any meat at all and every meal time consists of a carrot. Secondly, a person who will only eat the vegetarian option if they decide not to like the normal option. They will eat some meat, and eat meat if its the only thing available. Hypocrites? But they are not necessarily hypocrites, they just have opinions. If they chose not to eat meat, why shouldnt they? People chose to wear different clothes and worship different gods. This is OK for most people, they understand it. But when meat eaters start to dislike it is when the vegetarians call them cannibals, or barbarians. If it inconveniences people organising buffets or meals, then that is where it can get annoying. How would you like it if nobody had mentioned to you that a guest to your party was vegetarian and you were having a pure meat barbecue? Fortunately, many people ask if their guests have special dietary requirements nowadays. But still, why should we cook special foods for them? If most people are eating one thing, why cant they just go with the flow and join in? They can go back to vegetarianism the next day. If a family of four had bought a box of four lamb chops and one person was vegetarian, what would happen? I commented on this to someone, who kindly put it into practice. The vegetarian wouldnt eat the meat, but there was still a chop left. This chop couldnt be eaten by the other people because they had their own, so it was just thrown away. If it was going to be thrown out, they could have eaten it anyway. No difference made. The vegetarian claimed it was against her rights. Is the vegetarian option more healthy than meat? Most research shows, yes it is healthier. This is where the vegetarians point and laugh, and the meat eaters kick themselves. Meat is a valuable source of protein. But, a vegetarian diet can reduce levels of cholesterol, plus keep up levels of protein and iron. A point put across in a Viva! Leaflet was that vegetarians were no more likely to suffer anaemia than meat eaters. So? We wouldnt expect them to. The page also stated that zinc levels are normal in vegetarians. Nobody would even dream of thinking otherwise if they had any idea of becoming a vegetarian, or they shouldnt bother. It is a scientific fact that vegetarians are half as likely to suffer from cancer, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes and strokes. There is no argument against this. The same leaflet also pointed out that 95% of all food poisoning comes from animal and meat products. According to Pauline Kirby, an EHO from Sutton Council, the figures most probably arent that high. Many of the cases are actually from animal products like eggs, but all are because the people preparing the food dont work hygienically enough. If people could be bothered to cook their foods properly then there would be no cases of food poisoning from meat products. Saying this though, the world as a whole is getting lazier when it comes to food. The vast range of ready cooked meals in supermarkets is a good example of this. Many people just do not have the time to cook themselves a meal every night, and meat needs slightly more preparation than other foods as it is very high risk. People say that vegetarians find it easier to cook using no meat. I can verify that this is not always true, after extensive research. I have watched a vegan prepare tofu and cannot see how this is simpler than meat. Tofu is, admittedly, a lower risk food than any meat, but when treated and cooked properly with no extra effort meat is perfectly fine. Tofu. Most people have heard of it, but how many know what it is? After a brief questionnaire around my classmates at school, 9 out of 46 people knew what it actually was. Most people knew that it was a vegetarian alternative to some foods, but 6 of the 9 people that knew were actually vegetarians themselves. I have found that tofu was invented in Japan and quickly spread to the rest of the world. It is vegetable protein, and hardly contains any fat at all. The good point about meat is that it looks reasonable even when its not dressed up or with anything. Most people love the look and smell of freshly cooked meat and it is universally recognised. Tofu, on the other hand, needs lots of preparation for it to appeal. Apparently the taste on its own is disgusting, but there are numerous books and websites of recipes for tofu. It can be fried, stewed, marinated, anything the consumer wants. When I asked for an opinion from a strict vegetarian on what tofu looked like, it was compared to, A soggy sponge. Would you like to eat something that looked like a soggy sponge for your dinner? This description says it all. I have taken the liberty of including a picture of some tofu (pictures are surprisingly hard to come by) and a picture of a sponge to illustrate my point: From all these points and views, reasons and arguments put together, I have concluded that there are so many arguments for and against vegetarianism that most people find it easy to choose a side. Most people choose to be for it, but still eat meat. Personally, I like eating meat and am not considering stopping for the sake of the Teletubbies, hysterical animal rights activists and cute little furry creatures with hearts and feelings. I find the fact that vegetarians lecture people about eating meat when most of them have been cruel in another way to someone or something else dull and rambling. Humans have been eating meat for thousands of years why stop now? It would only break traditions. I know we dont need to eat meat anymore because of all the alternatives, but then again we dont need to buy designer clothes when car boot sales sell old ones. But we do. Why dont we eat cats or dogs? It would be an interesting concept. As for changes my opinions as a result of this project, it has only made my feelings stronger towards meat eating. Whilst petting my cat I am now going to eat a steak.

Teen Pregnancy Essays - Midwifery, Birth Control, Adolescence

Teen Pregnancy Essays - Midwifery, Birth Control, Adolescence Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy & Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes seem like forever. All of the sudden you see a +. Youre 15 and pregnant. What are you going to do now? Jessica Inhoff, a junior at Grant, tells us what she did when she found out she was pregnant with her son last year. She said that she was overly surprised and didnt know what to do. She didnt want to have to be there when her parents found out, so she just left a note on the table and went to work. Luckily for her, her parents were remarkably supportive, and still help her out as much as they can with her son. Her mother watches Kyle every day while she is at school, and will baby-sit one night a week, so Jessica can go out and still be a kid. According to the Oregon Health Division, during 1997 in Multnomah County, 654 girls between the ages of 10 and 17 got pregnant and kept their babies. Between 1974 and 1998 pregnancy for teens between the ages 15 and 19 increased by 200 percent. Also once the babies are born to teen mothers they are more than twice as likely to have a lower birth weight than those born to older mothers, which can cause major health risks. It makes babies more likely to die within the first 2 days of life. All those unwanted pregnancies among teens cost U.S. taxpayers almost 7 billion each year. One question you should ask yourself before you decide to have sex is; Am I ready to be a mother or a father? If you can answer yes to all the questions below, you are ready to go out Saturday night and decide by having sex with them, to tell your boyfriend/girlfriend, Hey honey, I want us to have a baby! 1. Could I handle a baby and a job at the same time? Would I have enough time and energy for both? 2. How would a child interfere with my growth and development? Would I finish school and would I be able to go to college and get the career I want while caring for a child? 3. Can I afford to support a child? Do I know how much it takes to raise a child? 4. Am I willing to give a great part of my life at least 18 years to being responsible for a child? And spend a large portion of my life concerned with my childs well being? 5. Do I like doing things with children? Do I enjoy activities that children can do? Do I like cleaning up childrens messes and do I want to have a child around me 24-7? 6. What do I do when I get angry or upset? Would I take things out on my child if I lost my temper? 7. Could my partner and I give a child a good home? Is our relationship a happy and strong one? Do we want to have to be connected for the reast of our lives, until death do us part? As Leslie Clark, an alumnus from Grant, figured out, having a baby and being in high school is a hard job. She had to skip the last couple months of her senior year to have her baby, which put her behind a year and not able to graduate with her class. She had a hard time raising her son Allyn on her own for the first five years, but luckily after that she and Allyns dad started dating again, and ended up getting married. Seventeen years have now passed, and she is a happily married certified public accountant. Jessica Inhoff is now experiencing the responsibilities of being a teen mother, which she says, are endless. A normal day goes like this for Jessica; she gets up at 6, after being awake half the night (with her sons wake up calls at 12:30 and 3 A.M.), and goes to school. She goes through six rigorous classes and then leaves during seventh period to go home and

Three Perspectives on a Current Issue from the Three Paradigms Being Research Paper

Three Perspectives on a Current Issue from the Three Paradigms Being Covered in Class - Research Paper Example Rent paid by entrepreneurs basically constitutes the land resource, which is used to produce other economic goods and services. Human resource is an active factor of production, which constitutes human labor as a service provision for the production of goods and services that is paid through wages and salaries. Man-made goods that are used for further production of goods and services are referred to as capital goods and include buildings and machinery that are paid as interests. Land, labor, and capital are exploited for production of goods and services in the economy to constitute the national income. Factors of production that can be shifted are capital and labor while land cannot be shifted, since it is a limited factor of production. Labor organizes capital for production although entrepreneurs must maintain an effective ratio of capital goods and labor with a production firm. The decision-making process needs to put into consideration that excess labor per unit of capital and vi ce versa may lead to losses due to inefficiency. Therefore, labor and Capital must be applied in effective ratios for realization of the highest possible economic value (Sagar 50). Organization of Factors of Production Enterprises should be organized by combining labor, land, and capital effectively through a business plan so as to start and run the business. Organization of factors of production does not only constitute planning and running a business, but also absorbing loss for continued production. Enterprise organization as Production process is complex and essential, since there exists small situations in and outside a country that influence organization, thus the necessity of proper planning and operation of an enterprises. Land, as a factor of production, is controlled by land owners, while capital goods are controlled by capitalist and labor as a human resource with respect to occupation skills and salaries. These factors of production are scattered within the economy and t hus the need for organization of these factors of production. Social Institutions The economic interactions of technology, capital goods and social institutions contribute significantly to economic growth through effective production. Social, political, economic and legal institutions in a country affect the economic growth both positively and negatively. Normally, countries seek to redesign their social, political and legal institutions to alter their impact for the improvement of the economy. Institutions that are known to be beneficial in contribution to economic growth should lead to importation of the institutional structures of another country that has benefited from economic growth. Examples of countries that have imported institutional countries include Dubai, which imported London’s commercial law that helps the government in city regulations. However, in many countries, the complete overhaul of institutional structure may not be possible due to political and social disagreements. Political, legal and social institutions go beyond the aspects of basic institutional entities such as the judiciary and parliament.

Foundations of Teams and Teamwork Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundations of Teams and Teamwork - Assignment Example This is because the success of a manager heavily relies on the teams that a manager has been able to build in an organization. Team building in an organization is a continuous process and involves the manager being able to deal with the internal dynamics of a team; issues of tasks and selection of the team members and also the management of the external dynamics; proper evaluation of organization’s environment both internal and external in relation to the team development and proper management of relationship amongst the team members. If a manager is able to fully deliver on internal and external dynamics of team building, he or she designs not just a team but an effective team (Thomson, 2008). This way, the effective team is able to properly function and achieve organization’s goals and objectives as stipulated by the mission and the vision statements. There are many factors leaders and in this case managers evaluate to determine if there is need for a team or not. Such factors include organization’s goals and objectives, the nature of the organizational tasks and also the organizational resources; financial and human resources. Organizational goals and objectives are directed by the mission and vision statements (Thomson, 2008). A leader who is focused towards effectively meeting the goals and objectives of a company and at the same time achieving the mission and the vision of the company would need quite effective and functioning teams. The nature of organizational tasks is also vital in deciding whether to have teams or not. Literally, simple tasks do not need teams to undertake them but complex tasks do. Organizational tasks such as market design and market analysis needs effort of more than one individual to adequately cover the entire market population and to adequately deliver. An organization that has no financial a nd human resources is not

Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Reporting - Essay Example Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 AASB 101 â€Å"Presentation of Financial Statements† 4 AASB 107 â€Å"Statement of Cash flows† 7 AASB 116 â€Å"Property Plant & Equipment† 8 AASB 138 â€Å"Intangible Assets† 9 AASB 136 â€Å"Impairment of Assets† 10 AASB 137 â€Å"Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets† 10 AASB 112 â€Å"Income Taxes† 10 AASB 110 â€Å"Events after the Reporting date† 11 Overall evaluation and objectives of reporting 12 Introduction A fair and comprehensive disclosure of information requires that the entity adheres to certain accounting norms. The financial statements of a company must be prepared in conformance with the relevant accounting standards. There are accounting standards which prescribe the accounting treatment of intangible assets, contingent assets, contingent liabilities, presentation of statements etc. The adoption of these accounting standards in the case of Early Learning Services Limited has been reviewed as to whether the company has prepared its financial reports as per the accounting norms. AASB 101 â€Å"Presentation of Financial Statements† The accounting standards to be applied in Australia with effect from January 1, 2005 include International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issues IFRSs. For reporting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2009 IASB made certain amendments to the IAS 1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’. In line with this AASB also made certain amendments to AASB 1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ for enabling IFRS compliance of the reporting entities in Australia. The major changes to this standard as compared to AASB 101 issued in the year 2006 are discussed as under- Making the reporting comprehensive- The revised standard brings in a notion of ‘completeness’ in financial reporting. Previously this standard used the heads ‘balance sheet’ and ‘cash flow statement’ to refer to the two statements. On the other hand the revised standard uses ‘statement of financial position’ and ‘statement of cash flows’ to describe the above statements. As per the new rules an entity has to present comparative information with respect to the previous year. Disclosure relating to changes owners’ equity- Previously AASB 101 required items relating to expenses and income which are not shown as profit or loss to be reported in ‘statement of changes in equity’. The previous standard also required preparation of ‘statement of recognized income and expense’ comprising of profit or loss in the statement of changes in equity, any affects of accounting policy changes and any correction related error. The new amendments require â€Å"owner changes in equity† to be reported separately from â€Å"non-owner change s in equity†. The detail relating to comprehensive income is not permitted to be presented in the â€Å"statement of changes in equity†. The main aim of this is to integrate items with similar characteristics and separate items with varying characteristics to disseminate useful information. Changes relating to â€Å"Other comprehensive income†- As per the revised standard an entity has to make disclosure of income tax relating to each comprehensive income component. This was not required as per previous AASB 101 version. Dividend presentation- As per old AASB 101 the amount of ‘

A detailed assignment examining Leadership style management

A detailed assignment examining Leadership style management Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he/she is directing the activities of a group towards a shared goal. A leader is seen as someone who sets the paths in an effort to influence people to adhere to those paths. Leadership is an action and not just a position. It can be shown via different people in various situations. A person is not born to be a leader but cultured through the upbringing and environment. A leaders personal characteristics are also vital for the developments and motivations of the organizations. True leaders such as the teachers who illustrated that leadership is an action (teaching and leading the students) and not a position. Touching the lives and affecting the outcome of many different expectations, a teacher is the epitome of a leader. A leader has his or her own style of motivating the people in the organizations. A leader must find the best skills in order to provide directions, motivations and purposes. Effective leaders are flexible. Organizational Leadership Model The effective leadership influence is not the same for everyone. It depends on their ranks in the organization and abilities which are required in leaders. The three basic leadership roles identified: initiation, speech, and management. 1. Initiation Initiation refers to planned decision making on policy formulation or structural change. These vital decisions are the determinants of the organizations culture and mission. 2. Speech Strategic decisions and methods designed for implementation within the establishment. It includes adjusting or adding on to the present structure towards new policy demands. 3. Management Management is putting into practice the policies and measures that are available to maintain the operations of the organization efficiently. These three kinds of Leadership are naturally executed at diverse ranks in the company with different abilities and skills. The top level management would initiate new policies that involve a change in the businesss structure or understanding the companys mission. An understanding of the entire organization, culture, mission, vision and how it correlates with the external parties is mandatory for these top level individuals. They represent the organization and what the business stands for. Understanding the policy decisions and practicing them to the existing organization via utterance or speech is usually made by the intermediate-level managers. They must uphold a two-way point of reference by taking orders from the above management and adapting them for the lower groups of people in the organization. Type of Leadership Process Typical Organizational Level Cognitive (Knowledge) Affective (Emotion) Initiation: Change, creation and elimination of structure Top echelons System perspective Charisma Speech: supplementing and piecing out of structure Intermediate levels: pivotal roles Subsystem perspective: two-way orientation Integration of primary and secondary relations: human relation skills Management: use of existing structure Lower levels Technical knowledge and understanding of system of rules Concern with equity in use of rewards and sanctions EXHIBIT 16.1 Three Leadership Patterns, Their Location in the Organization, and Their Skill Requirements The companys policies and procedures will be administered by the Lower-level supervisors. These personnel must possess both the technical knowledge and a clear perception of the organizations rules in order to be successful. They have to continually deal with issues such as equity, rewards and punishments in leading others. Therefore, leadership plays a crucial role in an organization because the it has direct impact on the effectiveness of the organizations. Leadership is when a person manipulates others to perform a task at their own will which they would not normally do. Leadership is a vital process to an organization and it can be deliberated on three different stages; i.e. the individual, group and organization. Analysis at the individual stage: the leadership studies have paid attention on the successful leader personalities. Behaviors of both formal and informal leaders are focused at the group level. The effectiveness of an organization is decided by the relations between the leader, follower and circumstances. The studies have caused an emergence of different theories of leadership, namely situational and contingency. In Search for Leadership The requirements in selecting and training efficient leaders were emphasized during the World War I and the quarter century between World War l and World War II; numerous studies were made to examine the personal characteristics of good leaders. These studies are usually referred as characteristic studies since the primary goal was to classify the traits and personal characteristics of successful leaders. The diverse methods used to study these leadership traits could possibly be the reason in the irregularities of the results. The manner of studies was not consistent in identifying the leaders. A majority of the studies was in comparing efficient with inefficient leaders or leaders with non-leaders. Some were identified by external observers, others selected by the group by way of recommendation or voting, nominated by observers such as teachers while some were chosen because they are already in leadership positions. The studies conducted were in conflict as to the way they deliberated on the traits. Some traits were measured by mental tests; others relied on viewers to spot the traits they have seen while some depended on the persons to report their own personality traits. The trait studies were quite unsatisfactory as a whole especially since they had hoped to develop an accurate measure of leadership effectiveness. The spotlight on the leadership research moved because of the flimsy results, to contingency studies which investigated more than just traits of a leader. Numerous traits formed an important divergence in leadership effectiveness and they interrelated with other conditional variables to stimulate the effectiveness of the leader. Physical Behaviors Physical attributes including height, weight, health and appearance are also examined in the studies. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the above features and leadership. Apparently leaders have the tendency to be taller, heavier, better fitness, greater physique, higher energy output and more attractive in appearance. However, these types of results were not always reliable and consistent. The results neither are too weak in general and not consistent to be effective in selecting leaders nor are they helpful for training functions since not much can be made to alter most of these physical traits. Intellect It was generally agreed that leaders are more intellectual than non-leaders and the relationship was shown in the various studies. The relationship could probably begin from the reality that leadership functions depend mostly on success in problem solving. Leadership roles such as initiation, speech and management necessitate great mental ability. In general, it is safe to assume that leaders seems to be more intelligent than non-leaders but the relationships are small. Many other variables other than intellect inspire leadership effectiveness. It was also suggested that leaders should not be too intelligent than the group because associates who are notably brilliant than others are rarely chosen as leaders since the other members tend to snub them. Individuals with high IQs are inclined to have different sets of vocabulary, networks and aspirations that would create communication and inter-relations problems. Leaders do extremely well generally at school/college/university and score better grades. It is important for effective leadership to know how to do things. Thus general and practical knowledge are essential for leaders to make better decisions. Characteristic Traits Only a partial of the characteristic traits seem to be related to leadership and most are not especially convincing. It was suggested that the average leader is more used to social displays, greater initiative, persistent, knows how to get things done, self-confident, are more cooperative and adaptable, and possesses excellent communication skills. Leaders were found to be more emotionally mature than non-leaders in the personality integration or emotional adjustment. It can be concluded that personal characteristics are related to leadership. Effective leadership does not depend on a mixture of personality traits only because situational variables are also important since they always decide whether a character was associated with effective leadership either positively or negatively. Therefore, it can deduced that effective leadership depends on the leaders characteristics, his subordinates and the nature of the task at hand. Many leadership styles were based on studies of leaders behaviors. The finest researches on the styles of leadership are made together at the same time; i.e. The Ohio State University and the University of Michigan. Researchers acknowledged two leader behaviors that were similar although the investigations were conducted separately. As a result, a two dimensional aspects of leadership have been to used to form the Managerial Grid. Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Leadership Due to the diverse political systems in the US and Germany before World War II inspired studies of leadership which evaluated three leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez faire. In the democratic leadership style, decisions were made by vote of majority; equal participation encouraged; criticism and punishment minimal. In the autocratic leader, the leader made all the decisions and others must follow the set procedures strictly. In the laissez-faire leader, there was minimal actual leadership and others were permitted to work and play as usual without proper directives. Initiating Structure and Consideration The two leadership factors were initiating structure and consideration which include leadership behaviors in organizing and defining the tasks to be performed and goal achievements. A leader who assigns people to do specific jobs, expected workers to follow set routines and meet deadlines. The consideration factor is showing friendship, mutual trust, warmth and concern for subordinates. Production-Centered and Employee-Centered Leader Behaviors Production centered behaviors were akin to initiating structure in which leaders would establish targets, gave directives, checked on operations and planned the group Employees work. Centered behaviors were similar to the considerations dimension in which the leader would develop a caring personal relationship with the subordinates and encouraged a two-way communication with them. The relationship between production-centered and employee centered behaviors are found to be independent scopes of leadership. A leader with strong production orientation does not mean that he is disinterested in the employees. Managerial Grid Robert Blake and Jane Mouton had created a framework which combines a concern for task accomplishment and a concern for people called the Managerial Grid. They both assumed that concern for production and concern for people would produce the most effective leadership style. There are leaders primarily more concerned with accomplishing the production and task not concerned about people. This person wants the job done and schedule followed at all costs. There is also individual who is not concerned whether the group produces anything but concerned more about the personal needs and interests of the team members. Ideally, leaders should be concerned about meeting schedules in order to get the work done and simultaneously are concerned about the team members interest and feelings too. The Managerial Grid is popular among managers. It is extensively used by organisations as part of their training program to assess leadership style. However, the effectiveness of the Managerial Grid is not consistently supported. The factors which are considered in determining leadership styles interact in complicated ways which resulted in various leadership styles. SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP In assessing leadership effectiveness, there are many factors that must be combined. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed a situational leadership model which considers three variables: (1) guidance and direction provided by the leaders (task behavior) (2)emotional support given by the leader (relationship behavior) (3) the maturity level exhibited in performing the task As a result, four potential leadership styles have been created using a combination of the above factors : S1: Telling Give instructions and supervise performance closely. Suited for followers who are unwilling but of low maturity. S2: Selling Decide and provide opportunity for explanation. Appropriate for followers who are not able but willing. S3: Participating Sharing ideas in making decisions. Suited for followers who are able but not willing. S4: Delegating Responsibility handed over for decisions and performance. Appropriate for groups who are able and willing. Contingency Theory of Leadership Fiedler studied the interaction of leadership style and situation. He identified and developed ways to measure leadership orientation of the leader and situational factors which influence leadership. Leader Orientation Two types of leaders were identified, i.e. relationship-oriented or task-oriented. Leaders who are relationship-oriented tend to look at others as coworkers and look upon interpersonal relations as a requirement towards accomplishing the task. However, for task-oriented leaders, they react strongly against people whom they could not get along with in performing a task. Situational favorableness (1) relationships between leader and member can be good or bad; (2) the task is relatively well planned or not; and (3) the leaders authority is relatively strong or weak. The task structure becomes the second most important situational variable as evaluated by judges who examined four aspects of the task structure. Clarity: whether requirements of the tasks are stated clearly, Multiplicity: which the problems encounter can be solved. Verifiability: which the correctness of the decisions can be ascertained. Specificity: which there are generally more solutions involved in performing the task. Group effectiveness Relationship-oriented leaders perform excellently well in situations where concern for the team members is apparently necessary in order to motivate them to perform well. People naturally prefer leaders who care about them and their welfare. However, task-oriented leaders are clearly more effective in impossible situations. Path-Goal Model Directive leadership: subordinates are told what to be expected. Specific guide, standards and work schedules are provided to ensure that task are performed as expected. Supportive leadership: subordinates are treated equally and show concern for their needs and well-being; develop pleasant interpersonal relationships among the group members. Achievement-oriented leadership: challenging goals are set and subordinates are expected to perform at their highest level, improvement in performance always. Participative leadership: subordinates are consulted on suggestions and ideas in making decisions. Situational factors Situational factors characteristics of the followers and environmental factors which affect leadership style. Significant characteristics of the followers which have been identified as determinants of leadership style are: (1). Followers with internal locus of control believe that they are rewarded for their own effort. Meanwhile, followers with external locus of control believe that external forces have a control on their rewards. (2). Authoritarianism: an individuals willingness to accept the influence of others. (3). Abilities: The followers ability and experience influence a leader whether they are able to work with an achievement oriented leader or a supportive leader who are patient enough to provide encouragement and instruction. The path-goal model recognises three environmental factors which effect leadership styles: the nature of the task to be performed, the existing organisations authority system the organisational norms and dynamics The above factors may influence the effectiveness of different leadership styles in a many ways. Normative Decision-Making Model of Leadership Based on the contingency theory of leadership, this leadership model does not assume any leadership style as appropriate for all situations. Leaders must develop a range of leadership styles and take on the most appropriate style depending on the situation. Leaders are required to know in which circumstances they need to consult others and vice versa. Even though the leader may be the chairman of the group, he is just one of the group members and does not try to influence the group to adopt a particular solution. Criteria for selecting a leadership style. Two criteria used for assessing the efficiency of a leadership style are quality and acceptance. The quality of the decisions made refers to the accurateness of the actions taken and the extent which some objectives are achieved. The quality of decisions depends on accurate and relevant information Conferring with other group members often provides additional information. Diagnostic decision rules. In order to save time and minimize costs, some managers choose the lead autocratically. If the aim was to further the subordinates personal development, the participative style is selected. In some strategies, the manager decides alone. At times, the manager decides on his own after earlier consultations with his subordinates. Comparing the leadership models. All situational leadership models emphasize on the effect of external factors on a particular leadership style. Different leadership styles suggest styles that are determined by various situational factors. The models focus on different methods, which are situational factors and criteria for selecting the best style: task-oriented versus relationship-oriented. The normative decision-making model ascertains three leadership styles, namely autocratic, consultative, and participative. In each model, situational factors which influence the effectiveness of leadership are somewhat different. A significant reason being that normative decision- making model equates leadership with making decisions and looks at only this leadership function. The models also use different criteria for evaluating leadership effectiveness. DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS Although identifying what makes an effective leader seems like a simple task, however, individuals who are in leadership positions are often faced with a dilemma on deciding which leadership pattern to practice. Choosing a Leadership Style Choosing the most appropriate leadership style to adopt depends largely on the context of the organisation. A successful leader must be capable of assessing the situational forces in the organisation and respond accordingly to the needs. The forces include the organisation culture, business goals as well as the organisations strategic plans. Effective leaders must understand themselves, the group, company and social environment. Strategies for Improving Leadership One of the main variable to improve leadership relates largely to the organisations reward system. Leaders should not overlook his capacity to reward his followers accordingly since followers will respond otherwise. For instance, the managers of high- performing groups generally are compensated according to their achievements. Considerate leaders manage to create satisfaction among their performing subordinates while at the same time, changes in the behavior of the leaders could be caused by the performance of the subordinates. Constraints on leader behavior. Leaders have limited opportunities to influence others. Leadership effectiveness is inhibited by a variety of factors. For example, the managerial decisions are planned ahead because of the law, structure, technological specifications and the absence of alternatives. Many other organisational factors can impose limitations on the leaders capability to either communicate with or to reinforce the behavior of the subordinates. For example, organisational policies, nature of task, skills and abilities of available resources and other external factors may impede the capacities of organisational leaders. External factors. In terms of external factors, leaders are constrained by factors that they have no control on such as state and federal laws. Other external factors include the world economy and global issues. Irrespective of their leadership style, leaders with unskilled resources will face great challenges in leading. The availability of skilled followers is subjected to the external labor market. Organizational policies. The organization may limit a leaders effectiveness by hampering the amount of communication between leaders and followers. The existing company policies may also pose restrictions on the ability of leaders to reward or punish followers. Group factors. Leaders may find it hard to penetrate or influence group members who are highly unified. This will create difficulty for leaders to demonstrate his true capabilities in performing tasks for the organisation. Individual skills and abilities. The leaders own skills and abilities may act as constraints since leaders can only possess so much expertise, energy, and power. Some situations may simply require greater skills and abilities than the leader may possibly hope to possess. Substitutes for leadership. While some situations constrain leaders other situations make leadership unnecessary. These variables are referred to as substitute variables because they substitute for leadership either by making the leaders behavior unnecessary or by neutralizing the leaders ability to influence subordinates. Leadership is an extremely important function. It has an enormous influence on the value of groups and organizations. The complexity of the situation, however, may prevent us from knowing in advance which will be the most effective leadership behaviors. SUMMARY 1. Leadership refers to increasing influence which occur when an individual manipulates others to do tasks voluntarily which they would not do otherwise. The basic leadership roles include initiation of policy and structure, speech, and management. A need for leadership within organizations stems from the incompleteness of the organization design and the dynamic nature of the internal and external environments. 2. The studies of leadership were mainly studies on traits that tried to identify the characteristics of effective leaders. The studies focused mainly on physical traits, intellect and characteristic. The results were usually weak and inconsistent although some personal characteristics were always related to leadership. Most studies concluded that the characteristics of the subordinate and the nature of the task were as important as the characteristics of the leader in determining success. 3. Another approach to studying leadership set on leader behaviors; i.e. how leaders actually behave. One of the studies compared three leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire. Although democratic leadership produced the greatest satisfaction, autocratic leadership had the highest levels of productivity. 4. Research conducted simultaneously at two universities identified two similar leadership behaviors. At The Ohio State University the researchers labeled these two leader behaviors initiating structure and consideration. At the University of Michigan the same two factors were labeled production-centered and employee-centered leader behaviors. These two leader behaviors appear to identify leadership functions essential to the effectiveness of a group. The two Factors have been used to form a matrix called the Managerial Grid which places a concern for production on one side of the grid and concern for people on the other. The research evidence does not support this conclusion consistently. 5. The unsuccessful research to identify leadership traits or universally superior leader behaviors caused an emergence of development of four situational theories of leadership. The theories suggest that the most effective leadership style depends upon situational variables particularly the characteristics of the group and the nature of the task. 6. A situational leadership model that matched different combinations of task behavior and relationship behavior with the maturity of the followers. As the followers increase, the appropriate leadership style is telling, selling, participating, and finally for highly mature followers, delegating. 7. The most appropriate leadership style was determined by assessing three situational variables: whether the relationships between the leader and the members were good or poor, the task was structured or unstructured, and the power position of the leader was strong or weak. When these three situational variables created an extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable situation, the most effective leadership style was a task-oriented leader. However, where there were intermediate levels of favorableness, a leader with a high concern for interpersonal relationships was more effective in these situations. 8. The path goal model theory is derived from expectancy theory. It suggests that effective leaders must clarify the target paths and increase its attractiveness for followers. Four distinct leadership styles are proposed in the model: directive, supportive achievement-oriented and participative leadership styles. The style most appropriate depends upon two types of situational factors: the characteristics of the follower and characteristics of the environment. Three of the most important follower characteristics include the locus of control, authoritarianism, and personal abilities. The three environmental factors include the nature of the task, the formal authority system within the organization, and the group norms and dynamics. 9. The three leadership styles include autocratic decision making, consultative decision making, and group decision making. The decision titles determining which style is most appropriate include such questions as whether the leader has adequate information to make the decision alone, whether the subordinates will accept the goals of the organization, whether subordinates will accept the decision if they do not participate in making it, and whether the decision will produce a controversial solution. 10. The influence of the group upon the leader should not be overlooked. The relationship between the leader and the group implies a reciprocal influence. Groups have the capacity to influence the behavior of their leaders by responding selectively to specific leader behaviors. The influence of a leader can also be constrained by several external factors, such as organizational policies, group norms, and individual skills and abilities. Other variables have been found to neutralize or substitute for the influence of a leader, such as the skills and abilities of followers and the nature of the task itself. POSITIONING ON LEADERSHIP CRISIS There are many leadership theories. Arthur G. Jago (1982) had proposed a framework that organizes leadership theories based on each theorys focus and approach. Focus refers to whether the leadership is seen as a set of traits or actions. There is a universal formula of traits or behavior for an effective leader. However, effective leadership also depends on specific situations. The kinds of behaviors that leaders can actually perform in a group. The two leader behaviors that have been consistently observed including task-related activities, called initiating structure or production-centered activities, and interpersonal relations activities, sometimes called consideration or employee-centered activities. The incremental influence that one individual exerts upon another and that causes the second person to change his or her behavior voluntarily. Three leadership roles include origination of the structure by top-level managers, interpolation or adapting the structure by middle-level managers and administration or implementation of the policies and procedures by lower-level supervisors. I concur with A. Ange on the presence of leadership crisis but I also foresee the resolutions taken and are still being taken to resolve the problem. Many organizations are spending money in sending their employees to be groomed and trained for future growth of the company whereby they are exposed to different methods of management and how to be great leaders. Leaders are born to leaders but in some circumstances, situations and environments also play a huge role in creating a leader. Leaders come and go and new ones are always on the threshold to take over the empty space. The qualities of the leaders and their leadership styles vary but they are vital in the development and motivation processes of the organizations. There is a crisis in good leadership but it is not at a critical point. Big organizations would have everything in place for the future growth of the company and would have in line the replacements for all aspects of the management. Even is small to medium sized organizations have planned their management line-ups for the future. The ongoing programs and trainings that are conducted by organizations to produce capable leaders and groom them further showed that companies are aware of the could be crisis and had taken steps to overcome the situation. Yes, there is a crisis but the severity of the crisis is not huge enough to cause panics throughout the organizations.